Biological diversification in the tropics : proceedings of the fifth international symposium of the Association for Tropical Biology, held at Macuto Beach, Caracas, Venezuela, February 8-13, 1979 / edited by Ghillean T. Prance.

Part 1. The refuge theory : 1. Introduction / Ghillean T. Prance. 2. General aspects of the refuge theory / Jürgen Haffer -- Part 2. Geomorphology, palynology, and paleoclimatology : 3. Paleoenvironmental changes in Brazil / João José Bigarella and Dárdano de Andrade-Lima. 4. The paleoclimate and paleoecology of Brazilian Amazonia / Aziz NAcib Ab'Sáber. 5. Paleoecology of tropical South America / T. van der Hammen. 6. Quaternary palynological studies in the Amazon basin / Maria Lúcia Absy. 7. Climatic change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary / Maria Léa Salgado-Labouriau. 8. Diversification beyond the Amazon basin / Alan Graham -- Part. 3. Vegetation : 9. Pleistocene changes of vegetation in tropical Mexico / Victor Manuel Toledo. 10. Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Chocó refuge / Alwyn H. Gentry. 11. Forest refuges: evidence from woody angiosperms / Ghillean T. Prance. Comment / Donald A. Strong. 12. Rain forest and xeric flora refuges in French Guiana / Jean-Jacques de Granville. 13. Relationships of some Venezuelan forest refuges with lowland tropical floras / Julian A. Steyermark. 14. Significance of savanna vegetation in the Amazon territory of Venezuela / Otto Huber. 15. Present-Day forest refuges in Northeastern Brazil / Dárdano de Andrade-Lima -- Part 4. Insects : 16. Paleoecology and regional patterns of evolution in neotropical foret butterflies / Keith S. Brown, Jr. 17. How do refuges produce biological diversity? Allopatry and parapatry, extinction and gene flow in mimetic butterflies / John R. G. Turner. Comment / John A. Endler. Reply / John R. G. Turner. 18. A preliminary zoogeographical division of Peru based on butterfly distributions (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) / Gerardo Lamas. 19. Amazonian inundation forests: their role as short-term refuges and generators of species richness and taxon pulses / Terry L. Erwin and Joachim Adis -- Part 5. Vertebrates : 20. Distributions, relationships, and zoogeography of lowland frogs: the Leptodactylus complex in South America, with special reference to Amazonia / W. Ronald Heyer and Linda R. Maxon. 21. Quaternary climatic-ecological fluctuations in the lowland tropics: frogs and forests / William E. Duellman. 22. Biogeography and evolutionary diversification in neotropical freshwater fishes, with comments on the refuge theory / Stanley H. Weitzman and Marilyn Weitzman. 23. Late pleistocene events along the coastal plane of Northwestern South America / Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr. 24. Historical factors and bird species richness / David L. Pearson -- Part 6. Primates and Anthropology : 25. Distribution of primates and forest refuges / Warren G. Kinzey. 26. Archeological and etnographic evidence compatible with the model of forest fragmentation / Betty J. Meggers. 27. Linguistic prehistory and the refuge model -- Part 7. Evidence from the Old World Tropics. 28. Quaternary geography of Africa and the Refuge Theory / D. A. Livingstone. 29. Refuges and dispersal in the speciation of Africa fores mammals / Peter Grubb. 30. Speculations on the origin and evolution of Sunda-Sahul rain forests / D. Walker. 31. Plant refuges in the Indo-Malesian region / Williem Meijer -- Part 8. Theoretic and practical aspects of Refuge Theory : 32. Evolutionary circumstances of species with small ranges / John Terborgh and Blair Winter. 33. Testing the refuge model for South America: a hypothesis to evaluate discrepancies in refuges number across taxa / David C. Oren. 34. Alternative models for infrageneric diversification in the Humid Tropics: tests with Passion Vine butterflies / Woodruff W. Benson. 35. Pleistocene forest refuges: fact or fancy? / John A. Endler. 36. Forest refuges and conservation in Africa: with some appraisal of survival prospects for tropical moist forests throughout the biome / Norman Myers. 37. Designing refugia for tomorrow / Thomas E. Lovejoy.